Author | Tay, B., De, S., Srinivasan, M. A. |
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Title | In vivo force response of intra-abdominal soft tissues for the simulation of laparoscopic procedures |
Year | 2002 |
Editor | 10th Medicine Meets Virtual Reality |
Abstract | The lack of data on in-vivo material properties of soft tissues has been a significant impediment in the development of virtual reality based surgical simulators that can provide the user with realistic visual and haptic feedback. As a first step towards characterizing the mechanical behavior of organs, this work presents in-vivo force response of the liver and lower esophagus of pigs when subjected to ramp and hold, and sinusoidal indentations delivered using a haptic feedback device, Phantom, employed as a mechanical stimulator. The results show that pulse significantly affects the reaction forces and that the lower esophagus is 2 to 2.5 times stiffer than the liver. |